Economics of process analysis for efficient utilization of crude oils maximization of the refining margin forms the platform of todays refinery economics. Please subscribe to my channel to get more updates and go to my website for more hse content and courses. The distillation process of crude oil is the main concern of this paper. The extension in gas oil production requiring modifications in the crude distillation unit 1 u601.
This is not as terrifying as it sounds because each one has a different boiling point see chart below, so the oil needs to be carefully heated, which. Jones is a retired chemical engineer having spent 10 years in bps refinery, 4 years in bp research and development, 2 years in essos refinery development dept, 18 years in process engineering with fluor corporation final position general manageroperations, 8 years as private engineering consultant in sa. The crude oil distillation unit cdu is the first processing unit in virtually all petroleum refineries. The distillation process isolates specific compounds, such as thc and cbd, thereby producing a refined oil or distillate of over 90% purity. Fractional distillation crude oil experiment duration. The history of crude oil is marked by political and economic events, changes within the petroleum industry, and technological advancements, which continue to influence the oil price today. Intertek can offer a fully customisable crude oil assay service to help our clients meet the. This video looks at the basics of distilling crude oil into a variety of fuels. Crude oil is processed into more useful petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel.
The principles of vacuum distillation resemble those of fractional distillation commonly called atmospheric distillation to distinguish it from the vacuum method, except that largerdiameter columns are used to maintain comparable vapour velocities at reduced operating pressures. Crude oil distillation and the definition of refinery. Refining of crude glycerine recovered from glycerol residue by simple vacuum distillation department of chemistry, faculty of science and environmental studies, universiti putra malaysia, 43400 upm serdang, selangor, malaysia. Refining and trading oil products shell investors handbook. Petroleum is recovered mostly through to oil drilling. Ppt fractional distillation powerpoint presentation. Crude oil distillation system this distillation system is designed for the fully automatic distillation of crude oil and petroleum products. A number of things can cause entrainment increasing rate, change in feed stock to one with a higher gas oil yield, an increase in vacuum, coking of the wash bed or inadequate wash oil rate.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1. Lighter fractions like naphtha, kerosene and gas oil are separated from the crude oil at. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Fractional distillation separates a mixture into a number of different parts, called fractions. First it is heated to a vapour and pumped into a tall tower. Vdyoutube how an oil refinery works shell oil historic. Dehydration of crude oil for astm d2892, distillation of crude oil according to annex x1. Bitumen is produced by fractional distillation of crude oil. However, once the crude oil is refined, it is used to produce gasoline, diesel fuel, paraffin wax, and even plastics. It dictates refineries to maximize the production capacity of highly demanded refinery products, while reducing the cost of their crude oil feed.
While the process of refining crude oil is nowhere near as complex as the process for harnessing nuclear energy, it is still quite ingenious and offers an inside look at one of our most controversial, essential commodities. Free download crude distillation powerpoint presentation. Crude oil distillation can be complex and time consuming. The objectives of the unit include rejection of major contaminants and an initial cut of the crude oil into streams for further processing. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining youtube. How an oil refinery works shell oil historic film 71862 toggle navigation vd youtube. Step 1 in the refining process is to remove these contaminants so as to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and. The crude oil has to be pumped from tanks into a furnace for the distillation process, where it is heated to around 400 degrees celsius. The answer to the question of crude oils multiple uses is fractional distillation and cracking. Industrial distillation columns do not provide perfectly sharp separations initial calculations using crude oil assays assume that all materials at a certain boiling point goes to one product or another imperfect separations result in light. A simple explanation on the fractional distillation of crude oil into its constituent hydrocarbon compounds. Industrial cracking is used to crack larger chains into more valuable shorter chains. Click download or read online button to get crude oil characterization using aspen hysys for modelling and simulation of distillation units book now. Rather than continually distilling large quantities of crude oil, oil companies chemically process some other fractions from the distillation column to make gasoline.
The blend option can generate pseudocomponents by averaging distillation curves of all streams under characterization. Fundamentals crude distillation flashcards quizlet. Finally, we get to the fractional distillation stage. The astm d2892 test method is used for the distillation of stabilized crude to a final cut temperature of up to 400. In this video, learn the theory and process behind how crude oil distilation works. This fraction is desired for petrol and by the chemical industry. The crude oil that comes out of the ground is useless on its own. The atmospheric distillation unit and the hen interact with each other, making the retrofit of crude oil. Crude oil processing is the first step in the petroleum refinery. Crude distillation download crude distillation powerpoint presentation slides this site uses cookies to deliver our services and to show you relevant ads and presentations. The boiling points of organic compounds can give important clues to other physical properties. Crude oil is separated into fractions by fractional distillation.
This ocw supplemental resource provides material from outside the official mit curriculum. This video relates to the aqa 91 gcse chemistry specification which will be examined for the first time in 2018. Chemcad atmospheric distillation of crude oil youtube. Making crude oil usefulfractional distillation and cracking. The column is hot at the bottom and cool at the top. Crude oil is not useful once it is out of oil well, to make it useful it is first changed into it distillates to further process into refined products. Depending on the size and complexity of the refinery, typically there could be 30 or more large distillation columns ranging from 2 to 14 m diameter. The crude oil distillation system consists of an atmospheric distillation unit, in which crude oil is separated into more valuable products, and a heat exchanger network hen which preheats the crude oil before it enters the column. In the first activity, students consider the physical properties of different oil fractions.
Crude oils vary in color, from clear to tarblack, and in viscosity, from water to almost solid. The first step in refining crude oil is known as fractional distillation. Control of reflux ratio reflux is condensed top product that is returned to the upper part of the tower to keep reading. Distillation of crude oil from various parts of the world yields different percentages of hydrocarbons. Apparatus includes 1,000 ml rb flask, 2440 joints, deanstark distillation receiver, dry trap and liebig condenser. Crude oil distillation unit the crude oil distillation unit cdu is the first processing unit in virtually all petroleum refineries. In crude distillation process, crude oil is first heated. Our crude oil distillation system includes everything needed to perform the astm methods, d2892 and d5236, for distilling crude oil. What is crude oil and how is it turned into so many different things. They then compare their boiling ranges and examine the relationship between viscosity. They have the capacity to process a total of around 2. Optimization of crude oil refining products to valuable fuel blends. An oil refinery is a group of manufacturing plants that are. Continuous distillation process in crude oil refining.
The system comprises a complex heatintegrated distillation column and a heat recovery system where the crude oil feed is partially vaporised. Learn more about petroleum refining, including its history and the various processes used to create the different products. Abstractcrude oils are composed of hundreds of different hydrocarbon molecules, which are. Simple distillation in pressure cooker still eucalyptus oil homemade essential oils diy duration. Eric hagenimana 10thfebruary, 2015 a00015905 che 310 group members. Fractional distillation of crude oil abstract in this particular lab, crude oil provided was heated at high temperature at atmospheric pressure in order to boil the crude oil.
The br crude oil dehydration system performs a quick, atmospheric distillation. Aug 19, 2015 refineries crude oil distillation demo video 3d animation. Fractional distillation of crude oil chemistry chemical industries oil products fractional distillation of crude oil chemistry chemical industries oil products residue lubricating oil and road surfaces heated crude oil refinery gas used as a fuel petrol used in cars naphtha used for making chemicals kerosene aircraft fuel diesel oil. Crude oil is a mixture of a large number of hydrocarbon of different boiling. Fractional distillationshort path distillation apeks. It is used extensively in crude oil refining to produce petroleum products, such as gasoline, lubricants, fuel oil, waxes, and petrochemicals. Crude oils are composed of hundreds of different hydrocarbon molecules, which are separated through the process of refining and small quantities of oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, vanadium, nickel, and chromium. In this video, learn the theory and process behind how crude oil distillation works. This involves heating crude oil to about 350 degrees celsius, to turn it into a mixture of gases. Atmospheric distillation process fundamental concepts. Making crude oil useful fractional distillation and cracking. This is done by simply heating up crude oil, allowing it to vaporize, and then letting the vapor to condense at different levels of the distillation tower. The resulting fractions have different uses depending on their properties, and some fractions are more useful than others. Jun 15, 2016 crude oil is useless until we separate this mixture using fractional distillation.
On the energy efficiency of strippingtype crude distillation shuncheng ji and miguel bagajewicz university of oklahoma, 100 east boyd street, t335, norman, oklahoma 73019 in this article, the energy efficiency of crude fractionation using strippingtype columns is. The most common method of refining crude is the process of fractional distillation. Feb 06, 20 crude oil is processed into more useful petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and jet fuel. The majority of the use we get out of crude oil is as fuel. The naphtha fraction from the fractional distillation of crude oil is in huge demand, this makes it valuable as buyers will be competing for it. Crude oil assay tests can vary in detail, depth, and scope, depending upon client requirements. Vacuum distillation is a part of the refining process that helps to produce petroleum products out of the heavier oils left over from atmospheric distillation. Optimization of crude oil refining products to valuable. Crude oil distillation is more complicated than product distillation, in part because crude oils contain water, salts, and suspended solids. In the refining process, the atmospheric distillation unit adu separates the lighter hydrocarbons from the heavier oils based on boiling point. Distillation of crude oil is carried out in two units, first in an atmospheric distillation unit also known as crude distillation unit, cdu, with further processing of the residue from atmospheric distillation in the vacuum distillation unit vdu, as illustrated in figure 4. Pdf study of the thermal cracking during the vacuum. Extraction of crude oil from fractional distillation gives us many useful products.
Cannabis has hundreds of compounds and fractional distillation is the process to extract them individually. Petroleum refining petroleum refining vacuum distillation. Economics of process analysis for efficient utilization of. In general, shorter chain hydrocarbons are more useful than longer chains. Here, due to the chemical properties of the crude oil, a series of complex reactions occurs, and measurements are not always. This distillation occurs in the refinery crude unit. Pdf distillation process of crude oil researchgate. Crude oil characterization using aspen hysys for modelling. Distillation is the main separation process in crude oil refining. Aug 07, 2017 effective control of process variables is critical to the production of highquality petroleum products. May 29, 2017 continuous distillation is a process in which a chemical mixture is continuously fed into a distillation column where its contents are separated through selective boiling. Simulation of distillation of crude oil in chemcad. Fractional distillation chemical vs physical changes molecular structure changes molecules don t disappear they are rearranged to form a new compound ex. Crude oil is a fossil fuel, it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of years ago most places you can find crude oil were once sea beds.
A refinerys capacity refers to the maximum amount of crude oil designed to flow into the distillation unit of a refinery, also known as the crude unit the diagram above presents a stylized version of the distillation process. Students need to appreciate that crude oil is a very complex mixture of thousands of different substances, mainly hydrocarbons, and is of little use as crude oil itself. Best available tech reference document for the refining oil download link 1 download link 2. This video crude oil distillation simplified process on vimeo. The cdu distills the incoming crude oil into various fractions of different boiling ranges, each of which are then processed further in the other refinery processing units. In petroleum refining industry, the crude oil distillation system plays a key role in the overall process. In the next section, well look at how we chemically process one fraction into another. Column control for crude oil distillation honiron manufacturing.
Vacuum distillation is a key part of the petroleum refining. In order to further purify the oil, it will then be subject to the distillation process with a specialized commercial distillation unit such as the cdu. A refinerys capacity refers to the maximum amount of crude oil designed to flow into the distillation unit of a refinery, also known as the crude unit. Chemcad 5 has the ability to generate crude oil pseudocomponents according to user provided distillation curves. Download crude oil characterization using aspen hysys for modelling and simulation of distillation units or read online books in pdf, epub, tuebl, and mobi format. Crude oil dehydration dehydration of crude oil for astm d2892, distillation of crude oil according to annex x1. Refineries crude oil distillation demo video 3d animation. Download free powerpoint presentation of crude distillation which is used for giving presentation of different topics eg. Nov 20, 2014 distillation of crude oil separate the components of crude oil by the differences in their boiling points. A crude oil refinery is a group of industrial facilities that turns crude oil and other inputs into finished petroleum products. It is likely either entrainment or a leaking gas oil vs crude heat exchanger that is leaking crude oil into the gas oil stream. Apparatus is used for the distillation of water in crude oil. Distillation is used to separate liquids from nonvolatile solids, as in the separation of alcoholic liquors from fermented materials, or in the separation of two or more liquids having different boiling points, as in the separation of gasoline, kerosene and lubricating oil from crude oil. This film, form twig world, looks at how the industrial process of fractional distillation transforms crude oil into a variety of products, from plane fuel to road surfacing.
Which statement explains these different percentages. Crude oil distillation introduction the purpose of this lab was to see how temperature changes the chemical properties of crude oil and how heat distills out the crude oil. On the energy efficiency of strippingtype crude distillation. In the crude oil refining process, distillation is impacted by two factors.
Petroleum refining processes are the chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas lpg, gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil and fuel oils. Fractional distillation how oil refining works howstuffworks. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Jan 23, 2009 permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1.
Petroleum subproducts are obtained in a crude oil distillation plant. Fractional distillation of crude oil refining using the principle of different molecular sizes and different boiling points, the hydrocarbons in the petroleum are separated, and the value of the product is improved by chemical treatment. This resource from defence dynamics help students to understand the process of fractional distillation in the context of crude oil distillation. For crude oil to be used effectively by modern industry, it has to be separated into its component parts and have impurities like sulfur removed. Pdf dynamic simulation of a crude oil distillation plant. This list of resources covers oil as a resource and the purification of oil by fractional distillation and cracking. Before watching this video you should watch our video explaining how crude oil is separated into its different length hydrocarbon fractions by. Refineries crude oil distillation demo video youtube. The plan t concerned with this work has a capacity of 250000 kgh 1, with a feed of originated from arabian light oil. A tall fractionating column is fitted above the mixture, with several condensers coming off at different heights. Gcse chemistry crude oil and alkanes aqa 91 youtube. Atmospheric distillation of crude oil p41 sener energy.
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